Contents

Preface

xiii

List of Figures

xvii

List of Tables

xix

Editors

xxi

Contributors

xxiii

1

Brain Diseases and Disorders

1

Tuba Sevimoglu, Tugba Bal, Çağla Özdemir

1.1

Introduction

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

1.2

Brain: The Command Center of the Body . . . . . . . . . . .

3

1.3

Body Under Control of Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1.4

Tools to Diagnose Brain Conditions

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

1.5

Diversity of Brain Disease and Disorders

. . . . . . . . . . .

7

1.6

Neurodegenerative Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

1.6.1

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

1.6.2

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

1.6.3

Huntington’s Disease (HD)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

1.6.4

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

. . . . . . . . .

15

1.6.5

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

1.7

Brain Tumors

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

1.7.1

Meningeal Tumors (Meningiomas)

. . . . . . . . . . .

18

1.7.2

Brain Lymphomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

1.7.3

Glioma

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

1.8

Neuropsychiatric Disorders

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

1.8.1

Schizophrenia (SCZ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

1.8.2

Bipolar Disorder (BD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

1.8.3

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

. .

22

1.8.4

Major Depressive Disorders (MDD)

. . . . . . . . . .

23

1.8.5

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

. . . . . . . . . . .

24

1.9

Concluding Remarks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

Bibliography

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

vii